The air of io is roughly 90% sulfur, and 10% other simple atoms such as oxygen. The composition of these lavas and plumes remains uncertain. Jun 10, 2010 a bit larger than earths moon, io is the innermost of jupiters large satellites and the most volcanically active body in the solar system, with plumes of matter rising up to 186 miles 300 km above the surface. Io, moon of jupiter the solar system on sea and sky. This tugofwar results in tidal bulging as great as 100 meters 330 feet on ios surface. Plumes of sulfur spew upward as high as 190 miles 300 kilometers. My jupiter, the book hardcover january 1, 2007 by d. It has billowing volcanic geysers spewing sulfurous plumes to over 500 kilometers high. Composed primarily of silicate rock and iron, io is closer in bulk composition to the terrestrial planets than to other satellites in the. The innermost of jupiters four planetsized moons, io is also one of the most volcanically. Nasa the carme group takes its name from the moon of the same name. The air of io is roughly 90% sulfur, and 10% other simple atoms such as oxygen an idea of the interior composition can be guessed from the density of io, which is about 3. Io is named after one of zeus lovers, a naming convention used for many of jupiters moons zeus is. Jupiters moon io eyeoh or eeoh is one of the most exotic places in the solar system.
Jupiters moon io is 778 million kilometers from the sun. Despite its mainly rocky composition, europa has an icecovered. Since its discovery by galileo in 1610, its been confusing and amazing scientists. There are many interesting moons orbiting the planet, but the ones of most scientific interest are the first four moons discovered beyond earththe galilean satellites. Its mass is estimatedcalculated at being 89,319,379,731,108,900,000,000 kg. Io, eyeoh or eeyoh, is the fifth of jupiter s moons and the third largest. The composition of io is very different from the other icy satellites and suggests a certain path for ios evolution. Plumes of sulfur spew upward as high as 190 miles 300. It s larger than our own moon, is the most volcanically active object in the solar system with volcanoes that erupt liquid sulfur dioxide, and has a molten ironiron sulfide core due to the immense tidal heating associated with orbiting so closely to jupiter. Novel mountainbuilding mechanism on io may also have operated on early earth by diana lutz may 17, 2016. Made up of silicate rocks and iron, io has a radius of 1,1. It is often called the pizza moon because its colorful surface looks like a pizza pie. It is also made of rocky material deep inside io is probably a core made of a metal such as iron. The atmosphere is collapsed and trapped as surface ice for about two hours each day on io note.
Dozens of active vents pepper the landscape which also includes gigantic frosty plains, towering mountains and volcanic rings the size of california. Our knowledge of io s volcanism, composition, and space environment were significantly increased as a result of observations by the galileo spacecraft from 1996 through 2001. Its larger than our own moon, is the most volcanically active object in the solar system with volcanoes that erupt liquid sulfur dioxide, and has a molten ironiron sulfide core due to the immense tidal heating associated with orbiting so closely to jupiter. Hubble discovers bright new spot on io this pair of hubble images of jupiter s volcanic moon io shows the surprising emergence of a 320kilometer 200mile diameter, large yellowishwhite feature near the center of the moon s disk photo on the right. An active volcanic eruption on jupiters moon io, captured by nasas galileo spacecraft in false color. Squeezing out mountains, mathematically, on jupiters moon io. Composition of io, jupiters moon windows to the universe. For a world dominated by fiery volcanoes, it s curious that io is also very, very cold. Io orbits closer to jupiter s cloud tops than the moon does to earth. It is the thirteenth largest object in the whole solar system. It starts with those that go around jupiter the fastest, or have the shortest orbital period. Since it s discovery by galileo in 1610, it s been confusing and amazing scientists.
The air of io is mostly made of sulfur the interior is made of sulfur too. Io is perturbed in its orbit by europa and ganymede, two other large satellites nearby, then pulled back again into its regular orbit by jupiter. Jupiters rocky moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles or kilometers high. Io is the closest of the galilean satellites to jupiter. The new horizons spacecraft captured this view during a. Overview jupiter moons nasa solar system exploration. These four are io, europa, ganymede and callisto they are roughly the same size as earths moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller.
It was discovered in 1610 by galileo galilei and was named after the mythological. Io is the fifth closest in of jupiters many moons and the closest large moon. This is where the magnetosphere of io may come from the composition of io is very different from the other icy moons and suggests a certain path for ios history. Active volcanism on io was discovered from observations by the voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979, confirming a possibility suggested from theoretical studies of io s orbit.
Planetary scientists found out it was a volcanic world in 1979 when the voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft flew by and captured the first upclose. For the love of books gathers all of thatcher wines philosophy about books, curating and designing libraries into one volume. Saturn s largest moon, titan, is about one and a half times the size of earth s moon and is also larger than the planet mercury. Take your hr comms to the next level with prezi video. Its molten core is half as wide as the moon itself.
Instead of drab craters as expected, io startled earth with vistas of flaky sulphuryellow sands that looked like a gigantic pizza from which volcanoes were actively shooting blue plumes as high as 200 miles into the air. Io is caught in a tugofwar between jupiters massive gravity and the smaller but precisely timed pulls from two neighboring moons that orbit farther from jupitereuropa and ganymede. Io s remarkable activity is the result of a tugofwar between jupiters powerful gravity and smaller but precisely timed pulls from two neighboring moons that orbit farther from jupiter europa and ganymede. Aug 14, 2018 jupiter s fifth moon, io, is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. In the greek myth, zeus turned her into a heifer in an attempt to hide her from his jealous wife, hera. Jupiters rocky moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar. Io is caught in a tugofwar between jupiter s massive gravity and the smaller but precisely timed pulls from two neighboring moons that orbit farther from. This is where the magnetosphere of io may come from. Excerpted from the night sky, by richard grossinger. For the love of books shares the vision of juniper books.
Io is slightly larger than earths moon, which is 3,475 kilometres 2,159 miles in diameter. It is jupiters third biggest moon with a diameter of 3642 km, being slightly bigger than earths moon. Because of its position, it is subject to constant tidal flexing and heavy radiation from jupiters magnetic field. Jupiters fifth moon, io, is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Juice assessment study report yellow book, esa, 2012.
And io is the most volcanic and geologically active place known to man. As the jovian magnetosphere rotates, it sweeps past io and strips away about 1,000 kilograms 1 ton per second of volcanic gases and other materials. Mar 05, 2007 this comprehensive volume summarises current understanding of the jovian system, in the light of recent scientific results from the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and theoretical studies. Because of its position, it is subject to constant tidal flexing and heavy radiation from jupiter s magnetic field. Several of the books involve exploring and colonizing other planets. Ios very thin atmosphere is primarily sulfur dioxide, which on earth is sometimes used to preserve dried food. Aug 23, 2016 excerpted from the night sky, by richard grossinger. Introduction jupiters moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles or kilometers high. Chapters are written by leading authorities in the field and cover all aspects of jupiter, its satellites and magnetosphere. Planetary scientists found out it was a volcanic world in 1979 when the voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft flew by and captured the first upclose images. Aug 03, 2016 the atmosphere is collapsed and trapped as surface ice for about two hours each day on io note. Something crazy happens to jupiters moon io for 2 hours. The ground just around the volcanic vents is literally sizzling, but most of io s surface is 150 degrees or more below 0 c.
The density of iron is about 5, and that of silicate rock is 3, so the inside of io must be made out of rocky material and sulfur. Ganymede is jupiters largest moon as well as the solar systems. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, volume 2 fran bagenal, timothy e. Jupiter has 53 named moons and another 26 awaiting official names. This galilean moon has a diameter of 2,996 miles and an orbital radius of about 1,170,042 miles. The moon s negligible atmosphere traps little of the meager heat from the distant sun. These four are io, europa, ganymede and callisto they are roughly the same size as earth s moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller. This pair of hubble images of jupiters volcanic moon io shows the surprising emergence of a 320kilometer 200mile diameter, large yellowishwhite feature near the center of the moons disk photo on the right. Callisto is tidally locked during rotation meaning that it orbits jupiter with the same hemisphere facing inwards making jupiter seemingly stands still in callistos sky. Io moon simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Europa, encrusted with saltstained ice that may hide a onceliving subterranean sea. There was nothing to prepare earth for io, the first jovian world visited by voyager in 1979. Mountains arent the first thing that hit you when you look at images of jupiters innermost moon, io.
In the planets there is a highly sophisticated science fiction story about colonization of one of jupiters moons. Look for any good stories about exploration and settlement of the earths moon, or other planetsgalaxies. Io became the first place outside of earth known to have volcanic eruptions. Io and europa may be somewhat similar in bulk composition to the.
But as the other moons move past io, their gravity tugs at it, too. Callisto jupiter iv callisto is the secondlargest moon of jupiter and thirdlargest moon in the solar system. The density of typical terrestrial iron is about 5, and that of silicate rock is about 3 gcm3, so the inside of io must be made out of rocky material and sulfur. Jupiter s extensive system of natural satellites in particular the four large galilean moons io, europa, ganymede and callisto has been a common science fiction setting. This extreme activity is the result of jupiters powerful gravitational pull, which causes ios tormented solid crust to.
The composition of this material is not yet entirely clear, but theories suggest that it is. It is the fourthlargest moon in the solar system, has the highest density of all of them, and has the lowest amount of water by atomic ratio of any known astronomical object in the solar system. This new basemap of jupiter s moon io was produced by combining the best images from both the voyager 1 and galileo missions. A bit larger than earths moon, io is the innermost of jupiters large satellites and the most volcanically active body in the solar system, with plumes of matter rising up to 186 miles 300 km above the surface. Deep inside io is probably a core made of a metal such as iron.
Jupiters moon io is known for its lava fountains and roiling lava lakes, but scientists had never seen such an intense eruption in. This comprehensive volume summarises current understanding of the jovian system, in the light of recent scientific results from the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and theoretical studies. Only seven of saturn s moons are large enough for gravity to have made them spherical, and all but one are smaller than earth s moon. Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar. Jupiter moon is a science fiction soap opera television series first broadcast by british satellite broadcastings galaxy channel in 1990.
Io is locked so that the same hemisphere always faces the planet, just as the same hemisphere of our own moon always faces earth. Thirty years ago, before the voyager probes visited jupiter, if you had described io to a literary critic it would have been declared overwrought science fiction. A new view of jupiters volcanic moon springer praxis. Scientists suggest the spot may be a new class of transient feature on the moon. Mckinnon, william mckinnon cambridge university press, nov 8, 2004 science 719 pages. Jupiters moon io is the most active volcanic natural satellite in our solar. Io surfacevery few, if any, impact cratersthin sulfurous mostly so2 atmosphere and white so2 frost. It is the most volcanic body known, with lava flows, lava lakes, and giant calderas covering its sulfurous landscape.
Io, the innermost of jupiters galilean moons, is in many ways a close twin. It was discovered in the year 1610 by galileo galilei. Jun 10, 2015 this global view of jupiters moon, io, was obtained during the tenth orbit of jupiter by nasas galileo spacecraft. Ios volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping. May 17, 2016 mountains arent the first thing that hit you when you look at images of jupiter s innermost moon, io.
Except at its volcanic hot spots, ios surface temperature is well below freezing. Ganymede, the only moon in our solar system known to generate its own magnetic field. But once you absorb the fact that the moon is slathered in sulfurous lava erupted from 400. An idea of the interior composition can be guessed from the density of io, which is about 3. The end of the galileo mission in 2003 makes this an ideal time to summarize the new results in a book as no book has ever been written about jupiter. The moon io history, geography, atmosphere, exploration. Io is the closest moon to jupiter and, at 2,263 miles across, is the second smallest of the galilean satellites.
Episodes 109150 were first shown in the uk on the sci fi channel in 1996. This places io within an intense radiation belt that bathes the satellite with energetic electrons, protons, and heavier ions. That heats ios interior enough to melt some of its rock. The composition of io is very different from the other icy moons and suggests a certain path for ios history. Instruments aboard the space probe galileo measured infrared energy emitted by volcanic hot spots on the satellites surface. Deep inside io is probably a core made of heavier metal elements such as iron. Since 1979, it has also been known for its abundant volcanism literature. Ios interior is heated by a tugofwar between jupiter and the planets other big moons.
Jupiter s fifth moon, io, is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. With a slight ellipsoid in shape, this moon has an orbital eccentricity of 0. The plumes source is km 80 miles below the edge of ios disk, on the far side of the moon. This global view of jupiters moon, io, was obtained during the tenth orbit of jupiter by nasas galileo spacecraft. Our knowledge of ios volcanism, composition, and space environment were. This pair of hubble images of jupiter s volcanic moon io shows the surprising emergence of a 320kilometer 200mile diameter, large yellowishwhite feature near the center of the moon s disk photo on the right. High school earth scienceouter planets wikibooks, open. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Scientists discover strombolilike eruption on volcanic moon. The new horizons spacecraft captured this view during a flyby on march 1, 2007, while en route to. Invision employees share their remote work secrets. Explore the significance of the home library, embellished with alluring photography and illustrations, in a keepsake worthy of any bibliophiles collection. The density of iron is about 5, and that of silicate rock is 3, so the inside of io must be made out of rocky material and sulfur deep inside io is probably a core made of heavier metal elements such as iron. Combined, scientists now think jupiter has 79 moons. Jupiters strange moon is literally bursting with volcanoes. This is where the magnetosphere of io may come from the composition of io is very different from the other icy moons and suggests a certain path for io s history. Io, which simmers with more than 100 active cauldrons and spews lava fountains some 5,000 feet high. Volcanoes erupt massive volumes of silicate lava, sulphur and sulphur dioxide, constantly changing io s appearance. Io is home to two native races, the moronic balloon.
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